Evaluación de la calidad del aire de la Ciudad de México y su efecto en la salud de la población expuesta a biopartículas aeroalergénicas (granos de polen) y su relación con el cambio climático

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RESPONSABLE:
Dra. María del Carmen Calderón E. (CCA, UNAM)

En las ciudades industrializadas, la incidencia y exposición a aeroalergenos impactan significativamente la salud de más del 20% de la población, dicho porcentaje corresponde a individuos susceptibles de desarrollar cuadros alérgicos al interactuar con el ambiente.

Los granos de polen, suspendidos en la atmósfera, constituyen el tipo de aeroalergeno principal en exteriores y se conoce ampliamente el efecto de algunos tipos polínicos sobre la salud. Su presencia y concentración dependen del tipo de vegetación, factores meteorológicos y variaciones en el clima que repercuten en los tiempos de floración de las plantas.

Assessment of air quality in Mexico City and its effect on the health of the population exposed to aero alergenic bioparticles (pollen grains) and its relation to climate change

Abstract

The particles in the environment of industrialized cities significantly impact on health, over 20% of the population can develop allergic conditions by the amount of pollen in the air, which depends on the type of vegetation, weather, and the variations in climate that affect flowering rhythms of plants. Therefore, the objectives of this project are monitoring and detecting grains of pollen in the air of Mexico City, generate estimates of the effects of climate change in the concentration of pollen and its potential impacts on human health to increase sharing this information through Aerobiology Mexican Network (AMN) in Mexico City. One result of the project was the installation of a monitoring network stations for aerial particles through which allowed the updating of information that identifies the major aeroallergens present, including various types of pollen that cause respiratory illnesses like allergies and / or asthma . Also, the information generated by the AMN can carry out studies of plant diversity of Mexico city. First determinations were made of the relationship between aeroallergens present in the atmosphere and the proportion of patients with positive allergic reaction. The information obtained was useful for assessing air quality, using the concentration of pollen as an indicator for different zones of the metropolitan area and for the preparation of the atlas on aero allergens bioparticles. The project enabled links to government health institutions (Conde de Valencia Eye Institute, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Center XXI Century Medical) and academic centers (Institute of Biology, UNAM, Universidad Simon Bolivar and Universidad de Málaga, Spain), and began the relationship with pharmaceutical companies. Another achievement of the project was the training of students, thus contributing to the formation of human resources in this area of expertise.

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